苦味酸测定中关键问题的研究

目前测定苦味酸的国标方法为《生活饮用水标准检验方法有机物指标》(GB/T 5750.8—2006)中的衍生物-液液萃取-气相色谱法,在实际测试过程中,发现水样pH值和基质效应会影响苦味酸测定。当pH值为8~12时,生成的氯化苦响应强度变化不大;在pH约为13时,响应强度最大。水质中除腐殖酸、硝基甲烷及2,4,6-三硝基甲苯会影响苦味酸测定外,硝基酚类和甲基酚类同样起到正干扰作用,因此,国标方法不能全面和准确地测定水中的苦味酸含量。     

Risk assessment method of polyethylene dust explosion based on explosion parameters

The explosion characteristic parameters of polyethylene dust were systematically investigated. The variations in the maximum explosion pressure (P_max), explosion index (K_st), minimum ignition energy (MIE), minimum ignition temperature (MIT), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC) of dust samples with different particle sizes were obtained. Using experimental data, a two-dimensional matrix analysis method was applied to classify the dust explosion severity based on P_max and K_st. Then, a three-dimensional matrix was used to categorize the dust explosion sensitivity based on three factors: MIE, MIT, and MEC. Finally, a two-dimensional matrix model of dust explosion risk assessment was established considering the severity and sensitivity. The model was used to evaluate the explosion risk of polyethylene dust samples with different particle sizes. It was found that the risk level of dust explosion increased with decreasing particle size, which was consistent with the actual results. The risk assessment method can provide a scientific basis for dust explosion prevention in the production of polyethylene.     

BP 神经网络模型在环境气象灾害预测中的应用研究--以湖南省为例

依据环境气象数据与自然灾害统计数据,建立BP神经网络模型,对湖南主要气象灾害（洪灾、旱灾、冰冻灾）及受灾经济损失进行实例预测,将在MATLAB7软件中的仿真结果与传统的多元线性回归模型分析结果进行比较和误差分析。结果表明,BP神经网络模型在洪灾、旱灾受灾率方面的预测效果和精度优于多元回归模型,而由于冰灾训练样本不足及经济损失与输入因子的线性相关程度高,在冰灾与受灾经济损失率方面稍逊于多元回归模型。     

南昌市大气降水化学特征及来源分析

为分析南昌市大气降水离子来源和源区,对南昌市2016年4—9月大气降水样品主要阴阳离子的组成进行了测定分析,并运用PMF（正定矩阵因子分解）模型分析来源和TrajStat软件模拟后向轨迹.结果表明:NH₄+和Ca2+是南昌市大气降水中的主要阳离子,加权平均浓度为65.3和23.9 μmol/L,分别占阳离子总量的57%和21%;SO₄2-和NO₃-是主要阴离子,加权平均浓度为60.4和25.3 μmol/L,分别占阴离子总量的56%和23%.c（NH₄+）、c（Ca2+）、c（K+）、c（Mg2+）、c（Na+）、c（Cl-）、c（NO₃-）之间均存在着较为显著的相关性,说明它们之间可能有相似的来源或形成化合物共同存在.结合PMF模型分析结果表明,Na+、Cl-很明显受到了海盐的影响,也部分受土壤和二次污染影响;K+、Mg2+、Ca2+大部分来自于土壤,海盐、二次污染也贡献了一部分的K+;SO₄2-、NH₄+和NO₃-是组成大气二次颗粒物的主要成分,主要由二次污染源贡献;煤燃烧贡献了主要的F-和部分SO₄2-.后向轨迹模型分析表明,南昌市大气降水主要受局地降雨气团影响,5月、8月、9月受陆源及人为影响较大,海源性离子经过内陆上空时被稀释或沉降,导致6月、7月来自于海洋上空的降雨气团对南昌影响不大.研究显示,SO₄2-对南昌市大气降水的影响逐渐增大导致降雨类型逐渐由混合型向硫酸型转化,人为影响是造成大气污染的主要原因.      

活性污泥模型参数实际可识别性研究方法

可识别性研究是参数估计的第一步。对目前应用于活性污泥模型参数实际可识别性研究的三种方法进行了综述,根据模型的复杂程度以及所要研究的参数数量,研究者可选用不同的方法。     

The Impact-Likelihood Matrix: A policy tool for behaviour prioritisation

The proliferation of applied behaviour change science over the past decade has provided new ways of thinking about policy making. Policy makers now have a range of frameworks and methods to assist in formulating change for social and environmental benefits. However, the development of strategies for the identification and prioritisation of target behaviours has been less forthcoming. This paper outlines a tool to assist in behaviour selection. Behaviours are assessed for their potential impact on addressing a specific issue, the likelihood of adoption by the target audience and existing participation levels within the target audience. Each of these characteristics is scored, allowing behaviours to be mapped onto a meaningful, visual, matrix for prioritisation. Additional data on behaviour type and the key perceived barriers to participation in each behaviour are layered onto the matrix to provide direction for intervention design. An application of the prioritisation matrix is presented within an environmental context through a case study of water demand management behaviours for domestic consumers in Australia. The prioritisation matrix could provide a decision-making tool for policy makers to assist in the selection of target behaviours to address complex issues.     

考虑开挖扰动和基质吸力影响的基坑边坡安全性研究

在传统的边坡安全性分析中 ,人们都不考虑开挖扰动和基质吸力的影响。笔者通过试验 ,研究了开挖扰动对土体工程性质的影响 ,并且建立了考虑开挖扰动和基质吸力影响的基坑边坡安全性分析模型 ,还给出了计算实例。研究结果表明 ,开挖扰动和基质吸力对边坡安全系数有较大的影响。     

矩阵法在环境影响评价中的应用

以唐山市亚行贷款环保项目的环境影响评价为例，说明应用矩阵法的内容、特点和不足